Author :
Abstract
Paralı askerlik başka bir ifadeyle kiralık askerlik savaş tarihinin ilk dönemlerine kadar uzanan bir uygulamadır. Devletin sürekli orduya geçişi öncesi tarihin her döneminde hemen her devlet paralı/kiralık asker uygulamasından faydalanmıştır. Tarihsel arka planı Kadeş Savaşına kadar dayandırılan paralı askerlik uygulaması, 19. yüzyıla kadar yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmış ancak özellikle 20. yüzyılın sonları itibariyle uluslararası hukuk nezdinde yasaklı bir fiil haline gelmiştir. Ancak Soğuk Savaşın bitmesi ile paralı askerlik uygulaması, özel askeri şirketler adı altında yeniden uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. De facto olarak işleyen ancak de jure olarak yasaklı bir uygulama olması nedeniyle özel askeri şirketlerin uluslararası hukuktaki konumunun analizi, uygulamanın uluslararası hukukta devletlere bakan yönünün açıklanması sağlayacaktır. Özel askeri şirketler, genel anlamda güvenlik ve askeri destek sağlamak amacıyla devletlere yardım sağlayan mikro yapıları ifade etse de birçok farklı boyutu bulunmaktadır. Devletin ve güvenliğin yeniden yorumu, uluslararası insancıl hukuk, uluslararası ceza hukuku, uluslararası hukukta devlet sorumluluğu gibi başlıkların konuya yaklaşımı, savaşı ve savaşın dönüşümü gibi konuları kendi kapsamında barındırması uluslararası ilişkiler, hukuk, siyaset bilimi gibi birçok disiplini ilgilendiren bir alan olması kaynaklı önem arz etmektedir. Afrika'da kendine özgü yapısı ile hem paralı askerliğin hem de özel askeri şirketlerin ele alınması açısından önem arz etmektedir.
Keywords
Abstract
Mercenary has existed in almost every period of history and has become a part of the war strategies of the modern state and pre-existing structures. In the 20th century, this practice, which was prohibited by international law as it was against humanitarian law, was replaced by private military companies. Private military companies are ostensibly for military training, weapons supply, tactics, intelligence, etc. offers services in their fields. However, as can be seen in various examples, some of these companies also carry out mercenary activities. In the context of armed conflicts law, although they are not among the parties to the siege, private military companies can take part directly in the field in armed conflicts. However, private military companies do not have a separate status in armed conflicts. In this way, both states and private military companies can easily use this gray area of the armed conflict law. Governments and private military companies seem to operate on the basis of international legitimacy. In this respect, it is important to examine this legitimacy ground in particular. Because although private military companies are not seen as a party to conflicts, in some cases they operate as a direct party to armed conflict. In this context, it is important to reveal the position of private military companies in the law of armed conflicts and the relations of the companies with the states. With its unique structure in Africa, it is important in terms of handling both mercenary and private military companies.
Keywords
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