Author :
Abstract
Endüstri 5.0 sürecinin başlaması beklenen 2025 yılı itibariyle insan, robot ve algoritma işbirliğindeki otomasyon sistemler ile donatılmış yeni bir iş dünyasının oluşması öngörülmektedir. Endüstri 5.0 ile iş yapış şekillerinin değişmesi neticesinde, işleri icra etmek için gerekli olan becerilerin de değişmesi, dolayısıyla da “beceri açıklarının” ortaya çıkması beklenmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı; Endüstri 5.0 kavramını tanıtarak, Endüstri 5.0’ın ilerleyen yıllarda çalışan becerilerini nasıl farklılaştıracağını açıklamaktır. Çalışmanın kavramsal çerçevesini; Dünya Ekonomik Forumu’nun 2016 ve 2020 tarihli, “Future of Job Reports” başlıklı raporlarında yer alan beceri sınıflandırması oluşturmaktadır. Bu beceri sınıflandırmasından hareketle; problem çözme becerilerinin geçmiş yıllarda olduğu gibi aranan beceriler içerisinde yer almaya devam edeceği, ayrıca liderlik ve sosyal etki becerileri, teknoloji temelli beceriler ve kendi kendini yönetme becerilerinin ön plana çıkacağı öngörülmektedir. Yeni endüstri devrimi ile birlikte aranılacak becerilerin ortaya konulmasının öncelikle insan kaynakları çalışanları ve yöneticileri olmak üzere tüm alanlardaki çalışanlar, yöneticiler veya çalışan adayları için faydalı olması umut edilmektedir. Ayrıca çalışmanın, insan kaynakları alanındaki araştırmacılar için de yol gösterici olması beklenmektedir.
Keywords
Abstract
By 2025, when the Industry 5.0 era is anticipated to begin, a new business context designed with automation systems in cooperation with humans, robots, and algorithms is expected to emerge. As a result of the transformation in the way of doing things in businesses, the skills required to perform the work activities will change, which will result in skills gaps. In order to prevent the skills gaps to occur, the in-demand skills should be identified. The purpose of this paper is to briefly explain the concept of Industry 5.0 and explain how Industry 5.0 will create a change in in-demand employee skills for the upcoming years. The conceptual framework of the study is grounded on the skill classification discussed in the two reports of The World Economic Forum (2016 and 2020), which are entitled "Future of Jobs Report". Based on this skill classification, it is anticipated that problem-solving skills will continue to be included in the in-demand skills. Moreover, leadership and social impact skills, technology use and development skills, and self-management skills are expected to be at the forefront. The study is hoped to provide guidance and be a reference for researchers. Additionally, it is hoped to be useful for employees, managers, or employee candidates in all fields, but particularly for the ones in HR departments.
Keywords
- Akın, N., Mayatürk Akyol, E. & Sürgevil Dalkılıç, O. (2021), Akademik Yayınlar Işığında Toplum 5.0
- Akın, N., Mayatürk Akyol, E. & Sürgevil Dalkılıç, O. (2021), Akademik Yayınlar Işığında Toplum 5.0Kavramına İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 35(2), 577-593.Aprilisa, E. (2020, April). Realizing Society 5.0 to Face the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Teacher EducationCurriculum Readiness in Indonesia. In Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering, 3, 543-548.
- Arslanhan, S. (2021, January 15). Hoş geldin Sanayi 5.0. Dünya Gazetesi. Retrieved from: https://www.dunya.com/
- Aslam, F., Aimin, W., Li, M. & Rehman, K.U. (2020). Innovation in the Era of IoT and Industry 5.0: Absolute Innovation Management (AIM) Framework. Information, 11 (124): 1-24.
- Atwell, C. (2017, September). Yes, Industry 5.0 is already on the Horizon. Machine Design. Retrieved from:https://www.machinedesign.com/automation-iiot/article/21835933/yes-industry-50-is-already-on-the-horizonBall, C. (2019, May 7). Industry 5.0 – full video (7/5/2019) - updated [Video file]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRa4wOCE0dg
- Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu. Sektörel Araştırma ve Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi. (2020). Toplum5.0. Retrieved from: https://www.btk.gov.tr/uploads/pages/arastirma-raporlari/toplum-5-0-arastirma- raporu.pdf
- Bogoviz, A. V., Osipov, V. S., Chistyakova, M. K., & Borisov, M. Y. (2019). Comparative analysis offormation of industry 4.0 in developed and developing countries. In Industry 4.0: Industrial Revolution of the 21st Century (pp. 155-164). Springer, Cham.
- Breque, M., De Nul, L., & Petridis, A. (2021). Industry 5.0. towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
- Dalgın, B. (2021, January 12). Endüstri 5.0. Dünya Gazetesi. Retrieved from: https://www.dunya.com/
- DELL Technologies (2017). Realizing 2030: A Divided Vision of the Future. Retrieved from: https://www.delltechnologies.com/content/dam/delltechnologies/assets/perspectives/2030/pdf/Realizing-
- Demir, K. A., & Cicibas, H. (2017, October). Industry 5.0 and a Critique of Industry 4.0. In 4th international management information systems conference, Istanbul, Turkey (pp. 17-20).
- Demir, K. A., Döven, G., & Sezen, B. (2019). Industry 5.0 and human-robot co-working. Procedia computer science, 158, 688-695.
- Doyle-Kent, M. (2021). Industry 5.0 and its social impacts (Doctoral dissertation, TU Wien, Vienna). Retrieved from: https://repositum.tuwien.at/handle/20.500.12708/17416
- Duman, M. C., & Akdemir, B. (2021). A study to determine the effects of industry 4.0 technologycomponents on organizational performance. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 167, 120615.
- Dündar, G.İ., Tüzüner, V.L. & Atay, S.E. (2020). Covid-19, from the perspectıves of human resourcepractıces and employees. In D. Hıdırlıoğlu, S.S. Aktuğ, O. Yılmaz (Eds.), Covid-19 and new business ecosystem (pp. 153-173). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
- Eraslan, L. (2011). Liderlikte post-modern bir paradigma: dönüşümcü liderlik. Journal of Human Sciences, 8(1).
- Erikli, S. (2015). Sinop ilinde işgücü piyasasının temel sorunu: Beceri uyumsuzluğu. Çalışma Dünyası Dergisi, 2, 18-33.
- Frankiewicz, B., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2020, May). Digital transformation is about talent, nottechnology. Harvard Business Review, 6, 3. Retrieved from: https://enterprisersproject.com/sites/default/files/digitaltransformationtalent.pdf
- Fukuyama, M. (2018). Society 5.0: Aiming for a new human-centered society. Japan Spotlight, 27, 47-50.Future of Jobs Report. (2016). Retrieved from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs.pdf
- Future of Jobs Report. (2020). Retrieved from: https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-future-of-jobs-report-Gotfredsen, S. (2016, June). Bringing back the human touch: Industry 5.0 concept creating factories of thefuture. Manufacturers’ Monthly. Retrieved from: https://www.manmonthly.com.au/features/bringing-back- the-human-touch-industry-5-0-concept-creating-factories-of-the-future/
- Güğerçin, U. (2017, November). Leveraging the differences: A case of reverse mentoring. In Proceedings ofthe 11th International Management Conference “The Role of Management in the Economic Paradigm of the XXIst Century”, Bucharest, Romania (pp. 2-4).
- Gumport, P. J. (2007). Sociology of higher education: Contributions and their contexts. Maryland, USA: JHU Press.
- Harayama, Y.(2019, June 21). Why Society 5.0 – full video (21/06/2019) - updated [Video file]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2uG2WmMDuA&ab_channel=TEDxTalks
- Inglezakis, V. J., & Zorpas, A. (2011). Industrial hazardous waste in the framework of EU and international legislation. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal.
- İşcan, E. (2021). An Old Problem in the New Era: Effects of Artificial Intelligence to Unemployment on the Way to Industry 5.0. Journal of Yaşar University, 16(61), 77-94.
- Johansson, H. (2017) Profinet Industrial Internet of Things Gateway for the Smart Factory. (Master Thesis,University Of Gothenburg, Sweden) Retrieved from: https://odr.chalmers.se/handle/20.500.12380/249922
- Knudsen, E. S., Lien, L. B., Timmermans, B., Belik, I., & Pandey, S. (2021). Stability in turbulent times?The effect of digitalization on the sustainability of competitive advantage. Journal of Business Research, 128, 360-369.
- Latané, B. (1981). The psychology of social impact. American Psychologist, 36(4), 343.
- Little, B., & Little, P. (2006). Employee engagement: Conceptual issues. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 10(1), 111-120.
- Lu, Y., (2017), Industry 4.0: A survey on technologies, applications and open research issues, Journal of Industrial Information Integration, Vol. 6, 1-10.
- Nahavandi, S. (2019). Industry 5.0—A human-centric solution. Sustainability, 11(16), 4371.
- Olayiwola, L. M., & Adeleye, O. A. (2005). Rural development and agro-industrial promotion in Nigeria: concepts, strategies and challenges. Journal of Social Sciences, 11(1), 57-61.
- Osterrieder, P., Budde, L., & Friedli, T. (2020). The smart factory as a key construct of industry 4.0: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Production Economics, 221, 107476.
- Özkeser, B. (2018). Lean innovation approach in Industry 5.0. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, (2), 422-428.
- Özmen, Ö. N. T., Eriş, E. D. & Özer, P. S. (2020). Dijital Liderlik Çalışmalarına Bir Bakış. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(1), 57-69.
- Öztemel, E. (2019). Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, Smart Factories and Industry 4.0: A General Overview. Digital Manufacturing and Assembly Systems in Industry 4.0, 1.
- Paschek, D., Mocan, A., & Draghici, A. (2019, May). Industry 5.0-The expected impact of next IndustrialRevolution. In Thriving on Future Education, Industry, Business, and Society, Proceedings of the MakeLearn and TIIM International Conference, Piran, Slovenia (pp. 15-17).
- Perry, M. L., Pearce, C. L., & Sims Jr, H. P. (1999). Empowered selling teams: How shared leadership can contribute to selling team outcomes. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 19(3), 35-51.
- Petress, K. (2008). What is meant by" active learning?". Education, 128(4).
- Rada, M. (2018, January 21). Industry 5.0 definition. Medium. Retrieved from: https://michael- rada.medium.com/industry-5-0-definition-6a2f9922dc48
- Skobelev, P. O., & Borovik, S. Y. (2017). On the way from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0: from digital manufacturing to digital society. Industry 4.0, 2(6), 307-311.
- Suen, H. Y., Chen, M. Y. C., & Lu, S. H. (2019). Does the use of synchrony and artificial intelligence invideo interviews affect interview ratings and applicant attitudes?. Computers in Human Behavior, 98, 93-101Toffler, A. (1974). Gelecek Korkusu: Şok. (S. Sargut, Trans.) Altın Kitaplar Yayınevi (Original work published in 1970)
- Turan, N. (2015). Çalışma yaşamında yetenek, beceri, yetkinlik, yeterlilik. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
- TÜBİTAK. (2016). Yeni Sanayi Devrimi Akıllı Üretim Sistemleri Teknoloji Yol Haritası. Retrieved from: https://www.tubitak.gov.tr/tr/haber/yeni-sanayi-devrimi-akilli-uretim-sistemleri-teknoloji-yol-haritasi
- Vaidya, S., Ambad, P., & Bhosle, S. (2018). Industry 4.0–a glimpse. Procedia manufacturing, 20, 233-238.
- Wu, G., Feder, A., Cohen, H., Kim, J. J., Calderon, S., Charney, D. S., & Mathé, A. A. (2013). Understanding resilience. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 7, 10.
- Yücebalkan, Ö. Ü. B.(2020). Endüstri 4.0’dan Endüstri 5.0’a geçiş sürecine genel bakış. Pearson Journal Of Socıal Scıences & Humanities, Vol, 5, 9. DOI Number: http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.181
- Zhou, K., Liu, T., & Zhou, L. (2015, August). Industry 4.0: Towards future industrial opportunities andchallenges. In 2015 12th International conference on fuzzy systems and knowledge discovery (FSKD) (pp. 2147-2152). IEEE.
